Autotutor Publications

Graesser, A.C., Gernsbacher, M.A., & Goldman, S. (2003)(Eds.). Handbook of discourse processes . Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. DOC Introduction

Refereed Journal Publications (does not include book chapters)

Graesser, A.C. (2006).  Views from a cognitive scientist: Cognitive representations underlying discourse are sometimes social. Discourse Studies , 8, 59-66. PDF Version

Hu, X, Cai, Z. & Graesser, A. C. (2005). Adaptive resolution method for Latent Semantic Analysis. Journal of Mathematical Psychology. 49(1), 92.

Graesser, A.C., Lu, S., Olde, B.A., Cooper-Pye, E., & Whitten, S. (2005).  Question asking and eye tracking during cognitive disequilibrium: Comprehending illustrated texts on devices when the devices break down.   Memory and Cognition , 33, 1235-1247. DOC Version

Graesser, A.C., McNamara, D.S., & VanLehn, K. (2005).  Scaffolding deep comprehension strategies through Point&Query, AutoTutor, and iSTART. Educational Psychologist , 40, 225-234. DOC Version

Graesser, A.C., Olde, B., Pomeroy, V., Whitten, S., Lu, S., & Craig, S. (2005). Inferences and questions in science text comprehension. Tarbiya (a Portugese journal), 36 , 103-128.

Graesser, A.C., Chipman, P., Haynes, B.C., & Olney, A. (2005). AutoTutor: An intelligent tutoring system with mixed-initiative dialogue. IEEE Transactions in Education , 48, 612-618. DOC Version

Louwerse, M.M., Graesser, A.C., Lu, S., & Mitchell, H.H. (2005). Social cues in animated conversational agents. Applied Cognitive Psychology . 19 , 693-704.

Hu, X., & Graesser, A.C. (2004). Human Use Regulatory Affairs Advisor (HURAA): Learning about research ethics with intelligent learning modules. Behavioral Research Methods, Instruments, and Computers .

Graesser, A.C., Hu, X., Person, P., Jackson, T., and Toth, J (2004). Modules and information retrieval facilities of the Human Use Regulatory Affairs Advisor (HURAA). International Journal on eLearning . PDF Version

Graesser, A.C., McNamara, D.S., Louwerse, M.M., & Cai, Z. (2004). Coh-Metrix: Analysis of text on cohesion and language. Behavioral Research Methods, Instruments, and Computers , 36, 193-202. PDF Version

Graesser, A.C., Lu, S., Jackson , G.T., Mitchell, H., Ventura , M., Olney, A., & Louwerse, M.M. (2004). AutoTutor: A tutor with dialogue in natural language. Behavioral Research Methods, Instruments, and Computers , 36 , 180-193. PDF Version

Craig, S.D., Graesser, A.C., Sullins, J., & Gholson, B. (2004). Affect and learning: An exploratory look into the role of affect in learning with AutoTutor. Journal of Educational Media , 29, 241-250. PDF Version

Driscoll, D.M., Craig, S.D., Gholson, B., Ventura, M.,Hu, X., & Graesser, A.C. (2003). Vicarious learning: Effects of overhearing dialog and monolog-like discourse in a virtual tutoring session. Journal of Educational Computing Research , 29, 431-450. PDF Version

Graesser, A.C., & Olde, B.A. (2003). How does one know whether a person understands a device? The quality of the questions the person asks when the device breaks down. Journal of Educational Psychology , 95, 524-536. DOC Version

Graesser, A.C., Cai, Z., Louwerse, M., Daniel, F. (in press).  Question Understanding Aid (QUAID): A web facility that helps survey methodologists improve the comprehensibility of questions.   Public Opinion Quarterly . DOC Version

Hempelmann, C.F., Rus, V., Graesser, A.C., & McNamara, D.D. (in press, 2006).  Evaluating the state-of-the-art Treebank-style parsers for Coh-Metrix and other learning technology environments.  Natural Language Engineering.

D'Mello, S.K., Craig, S.D., & Graesser, A.C. (in press).  Predicting affective states through an emote-aloud procedure from AutoTutor's mixed-initiative dialogue.  International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education.  

Penumatsa, P., Ventura, M., Graesser, A.C., Franceschetti, D.R., Louwerse, M., Hu, X., Cai, Z., & the Tutoring Research Group (in press). The right threshold value: What is the right threshold of cosine measure when using latent semantic analysis for evaluating student answers? International Journal of Artificial Intelligence Tools .

Song, K., Hu,X., Olney, A., Graesser, A.C., & TRG (in press). A framework of synthesizing tutoring conversation capability with web based distance education courseware. Computers & Education .

Book Chapters

Louwerse, M.M., & Graesser, A.C. (2006).  Coherence.  In K. Brown (Ed.), Encyclopedia of language and linguistics, 2nd ed.  Oxford: Elsevier.  

Louwerse, M.M., & Graesser, A.C. (2006).  Macrostructure.  In K. Brown (Ed.), Encyclopedia of language and linguistics, 2nd ed.  Oxford: Elsevier.  

Hacker, D.J., & Graesser, A.C. (2006).  The role of dialogue in reciprocal teaching and naturalistic tutoring.  In R. Horowitz (Ed.), Talk about text: How speech and writing interact in school learning.  Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.    

Graesser, A.C., Person, N., Lu, Z., Jeon, M.G., & McDaniel, B. (2005).  Learning while holding a conversation with a computer. In L. PytlikZillig, M. Bodvarsson, & R. Bruning (Eds.), Technology-based education: Bringing researchers and practitioners together(pp. 143-167). Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing. PDF version

Graesser, A.C., Olney, A., Haynes, B.C., & Chipman, P. (2005). AutoTutor: A cognitive system that simulates a tutor that facilitiates learning through mixed-initiaive dialogue. In C. Forsythe, M.L. Bernard, and T.E. Goldsmith (Eds.), Cognitive systems: Human cognitive models in systems design. Mahwah , NJ : Erlbaum. DOC Version

Graesser, A.C., Hu, X., & McNamara,D.S. (2005). Computerized learning environments that incoporate research in discourse psychology, cognitive science, and computational linguistics. In A.F. Healy (Ed.), Experimental Cognitive Psychology and its Applications: Festschrift in Honor of Lyle Bourne, Walter Kintsch, and Thomas Landauer. Washington , D.C. : American Psychological Association. DOC Version

Wisher, R.A., & Graesser, A.C. (2005). Question asking in advanced distributed learning environments. In S.M. Fiore and E. Salas (Eds.), Toward a science of distributed learning and training. Washington , D.C. : American Psychological Association.

DiPaolo, R.E., Graesser, A.C., White, H.A., & Hacker, D.J. (2004). Hints in human and computer tutoring. In M. Rabinowitz (Ed.), The design of instruction and evaluation (pp. 155-182). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Graesser, A.C., Gernsbacher, M.A., & Goldman, S.R. (2003). Introduction to the Handbook of Discourse Processes. In A.C. Graesser, M.A. Gernsbacher, and S.R. Goldman (Eds.), Handbook of discourse processes . Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. DOC Version

Graesser,A.C., McNamara,D.S.,& Louwerse,M.M (2003). What do readers need to learn in order to process coherence relations in narrative and expository text. In A.P. Sweet and C.E. Snow (Eds.), Rethinking reading comprehension (pp. 82-98). New York: Guilford Publications. DOC Version

Graesser, A.C. (in press). Question interpretation. In S.J. Best and B. Ratcliff (Eds.), Polling America : An encyclopedia of public opinion. Westport , CT : Greenwood Publishing Group. DOC Version

Graesser, A.C., & Person, N. P. (in press). Discourse: Cognitive perspective. In J.W. Guthrie (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Education. New York : Macmillan.

Graesser, A.C., Louwerse, M.M., McNamara, D., Olney, A., Cai, Z., & Mitchell, H. (in press). Inference generation and cohesion in the construction of situation models: Some connections with computational linguistics. In F. Schmalhofer and C. Perfetti (Eds.), Higher level language processes in the brain: Inferences and comprehension processes. Mahwah , NJ : Erlbaum. DOC Version

Graesser, A.C., Olde, B., Pomeroy, V., Whitten, S., Lu, S., & Craig, S. (in press). Inferences and questions in science text comprehension. In J. Otero and M. H. Caldeira (Eds.), Comprension de los libros de texto de ciencias. Madrid : Ed. Paidos.

Hu, X., Cai, Z., Wiemer-Hasting, P., Graesser, A., & McNamara, D.S. (in press).  Strengths, limitations, and extensions of LSA. In T. Landauer, D.S., McNamara, S. Dennis, & W. Kintsch (Eds.), LSA: A Road to Meaning. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Louwerse, M.M., & Graesser, A.C. (in press).  Macrostructure.  In C. Emmott (Ed.), Encyclopedia of language and linguistics, 2nd ed. (pp. xx-xx).  Amsterdam: Elsevier.  

Person, N.P., & Graesser, A.C. (in press).  Pedagogical agents and tutors.  In J.W. Guthrie (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Education (pp. 1169-1172).  New York: Macmillan. DOC Version

Refereed conference publications and abstracts

Chipman, P., Olney, A., & Graesser, A. C. (2005). The AutoTutor 3 architecture: A software architecture for an expandable, high-availability ITS. In J. Cordeiro, V. Pedrosa, B. Encarnacao, & J. Filipe (Eds.), Proceedings of WEBIST 2005: First International Conference on Web Information Systems and Technologies (pp. 466-473). Portugal: INSTICC Press.

D'Mello, S. K., Craig, S. D., Gholson, B., Franklin, S., Picard, R.,& Graesser, A. C. (2005). Integrating affect sensors in an intelligent tutoring system. In Affective Interactions: The Computer in the Affective Loop Workshop at 2005 International conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (pp. 7-13). New York: AMC Press. PDF Version

D'Mello, S.K., Craig, S.D., McDaniel, B., Witherspoon, A., Sullins, J., Gholson, B., Graesser, A.C. (2005).  The relationship between affective states and dialog patterns during interactions with AutoTutor.  Proceedings for the e-Learning 2005: World Conference on E-learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Business.  Vancouver, CA: AACE.   

Baylor, A.L., Cole, R., Graesser, A., & Johnson, W.L. (2005).  Pedagogical agent research and development: Next steps and future possibilities.  In C. Looi, G. McCalla, B. Bredeweg, and J. Breuker (Eds.), Artificial Intelligence in Education: Supporting learning through intelligent and socially informed technology (pp. 985).  Amsterdam: IOS Press.  

Graesser, A.C., Olney, A., Ventura, M., & Jackson, G.T. (2005).  AutoTutor's coverage of expectations during tutorial dialogue.  In the Proceedings of the Florida Artificial Intelligence Research Society.  Menlo Park, AAAI.    

Hempelmann, C.F., Dufty, D., McCarthy, P., Graesser, A.C., Cai, Z., & McNamara, D.S. (2005).  Using LSA to automatically identify givenness and newness of noun-phrases in written discourse.  In B. Bara (Ed.), Proceedings of the 27th Annual Meetings of the Cognitive Science Society.  Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.  

Jeon, M., O'Reilly, T., McDaniel, B., Graesser, A.C., Goldman, S., & Wiley, J. (2005).  Scaffolding critical thinking on SEEK.  Proceedings for the e-Learning 2005: World Conference on E-learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Business (pp.2123-2128)  Vancouver, CA: AACE. PDF Version

Kim, H.J., Graesser, A., Jackson, G.T., Olney, A., & Chipman, P. (2005).  Computer simulation as an instructional technology in AutoTutor.  In C. Looi, G. McCalla, B. Bredeweg, and J. Breuker (Eds.), Artificial Intelligence in Education: Supporting learning through intelligent and socially informed technology (pp. 845-847).  Amsterdam: IOS Press.  

Kim, H.J., Graesser, A., Jackson, G.T., Olney, A., & Chipman, P. (2005). The effectiveness of computer simulations in a computer-based learning environment.  Proceedings for the e-Learning 2005: World Conference on E-learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Business.  Vancouver, CA: AACE.   

VanLehn, K., Graesser, A.C., Jackson, G.T., Jordan, P., Olney, A., & Rose, C.P. (2005).  When is reading just as effective as one-on-one interactive tutoring? .  In B. Bara (Ed.), Proceedings of the 27th Annual Meetings of the Cognitive Science Society.  Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.  

Cai, Z. , McNamara, D. S., Louwerse, M., Hu, X., Rowe, M. & Graesser, A. C. (2004). NLS: A Non-Latent Similarity Algorithm. In K. D. Forbus, D. Gentner, & T. Regier (Eds.), Proceedings of the 26rd Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society. Mahwah , NJ : Erlbaum. PDF Version

Graesser, A.C., & Petschonek, S. (2004).  Automated systems that analyze text and discourse: QUAID, Coh-Metrix, and AutoTutor.  In W. R. Lenderking (Ed.) Proceedings of the International Society of Quality of Life.  McLean, VA: Quality of Life Society.    

Person, N.K., Hancock, J.T., Burke, A.C., & Graesser, A.C. (2004). A linguistic model that infers user states and traits. ITS 2004 Workshop Proceedings on Social and Emotional Intelligence in Learning Environments. Maceio , Brazil . DOC Version

Jackson, G.T., Person, N.K., and Graesser, A.C. (2004) Adaptive Tutorial Dialogue in AutoTutor. Proceedings of the workshop on Dialog-based Intelligent Tutoring Systems at the 7 th International conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems. Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Brazil, 9-13.

Jackson, G.T., Ventura, M.J., Chewle, P., Graesser, A.C., and the Tutoring Research Group (2004). The Impact of Why/AutoTutor on Learning and Retention of Conceptual Physics. In J.C. Lester, R.M. Vicari, & F. Paraguacu (Eds.), Intelligent Tutoring Systems 2004 (pp. 501-510).  Berlin, Germany: Springer.

Louwerse, M.M., McCarthy, P.M., McNamara, D.S., Graesser, A.C. (2004). Variation in language and cohesion across written and spoken registers. In K.D. Forbus, D. Gentner, T. Regier (Eds.), Proceedings of the 26th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Mahwah , NJ : Erlbaum. PDF Version

Ventura , M.J., Hu, X., Graesser, A. C., Louwerse, M.M., & Olney, A. (2004). The context dependent sentence abstraction model. In K. D. Forbus, D. Gentner, & T. Regier (Eds.), Proceedings of the 26rd Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society. Mahwah , NJ : Erlbaum.

Ventura, M.J., Franchescetti, D.R., Pennumatsa, P., Graesser, A.C., Jackson, G.T., Hu, X., Cai, Z., and the Tutoring Research Group (2004). Combining Computational Models of Short Essay Grading for Conceptual Physics Problems.  In J.C. Lester, R.M. Vicari, & F. Paraguacu (Eds.), Intelligent Tutoring Systems 2004 (pp. 423-431).  Berlin, Germany: Springer.

Craig, S.D. , & Graesser, A. (2003). Why am I confused: An exploratory look into the role of affect in learning. In A. Méndez-Vilas and J.A. Mesa González (Eds.), Advances in Technology-based Education: Towards a Knowledge-based Society (vol 3, pp. 1903-1906). Badajoz , Spain : Junta de Extremadura. PDF Version

Franceschetti, D., Adcock, A., & Graesser, A.A. (2003). Analysis of strategies in expert tutoring dialog for use in intelligent tutoring system development. In R. Alterman and D. Hirsh (Eds.), Proceedings of the 25rd Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 1). Boston, MA: Cognitive Science Society.

Graesser, A.C. (2003). AutoTutor and other conversational agents that scaffold learning. In F. Schmalhofer, R.M. Young, and G. Katz (Eds.), Proceedings of the European Cognitive Science Society 2003 (p. 11). Mahwah , NJ : Erlbaum.

Graesser, A.C., Jackson, G.T., Mathews, E.C., Mitchell, H.H., Olney, A.,Ventura, M., Chipman, P., Franceschetti, D., Hu, X., Louwerse, M.M., Person, N.K., & TRG (2003). Why/AutoTutor: A test of learning gains from a physics tutor with natural language dialog. In R. Alterman and D. Hirsh (Eds.), Proceedings of the 25rd Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 1-5). Boston, MA: Cognitive Science Society. PDF Version

Graesser, A.C., Moreno, K., Marineau, J., Adcock, A., Olney, A., & Person, N. (2003). AutoTutor improves deep learning of computer literacy: Is it the dialog or the talking head? In U. Hoppe, F. Verdejo, and J. Kay (Eds.), Proceedings of Artificial Intelligence in Education. (pp, 47-.54). Amsterdam: IOS Press. (finalist for outstanding paper award). DOC Version

Graesser, A.C., Ventura, M., Jackson, G.T., Mueller, J., Hu, X., & Person, N. (2003). The impact of conversational navigational guides on the learning, use, and perceptions of users of a web site. Proceedings of the AAAI Spring Symposium 2003 on Agent-mediated Knowledge Management (pp. 9-14). Palo Alto, CA: AAAI Press. DOC Version

Hu, X., Cai, Z. Louwerse, M., Olney, A., Penumatsa, P., Graesser, A.C., & TRG (2003). Proceedings of the 2003 International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (pp. xx-xx).

Hu, X., Cai, Z., Franceschetti, D., Penumatsa,P., Graesser, A.C.,Louwerse, M.M., McNamara, D.S., & TRG (2003). LSA: The first dimension and dimensional weighting. In R. Alterman and D. Hirsh (Eds.), Proceedings of the 25rd Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 1-6). Boston, MA: Cognitive Science Society.

Jackson, G.T., Mathews, E.C., Lin, K., Olney, A., Graesser, A.C. (2003). Modeling student performance to enhance the pedagogy of AutoTutor. In the Proceedings of the 2003 conference on User Modeling. PDF Version

Louwerse, M.M., Graesser, A.C. and the Tutoring Research Group (2003). Language use in intelligent tutoring systems: mixed-initiative dialog in AutoTutor. In A.K. Noor (Ed.), Proceedings of workshop on Advanced learning technologies and learning networks and their impact on future aerospace workforce (pp. 251-276). Hanover , MD : NASA Center for Aerospace Information (NASA/CP-2003-212437).

Mathews, E.C., Jackson, G.T., Olney, A., Chipman, P., & Graesser, A.C. (2003). Achieving domain independence in AutoTutor. In N.Callaos, M. Margenstern, J. Zhang, O. Castillo, E. Doberkat (Eds.), The Seventh World Multiconference on Systemics, Cybernetics, and Informatics Proceedings: Computer Science and Engineering I, Vol. 5 (pp.172-176). Orlando, FL: IEEE. PDF Version

Mathews, E., Jackson, G.T., Person, N.K., Graesser, A.C., & TRG (2003). Discourse patterns in Why/AutoTutor. In the Proceedings of the 2003 AAAI Spring Symposium Series on Natural Language Generation in Spoken and Written Dialog (pp.97-103). Palo Alto, CA: AAAI Press. PDF Version

Olney , A., Louwerse, M., Mathews, E., Marineau, J., Hite-Mitchell, H., & Graesser, A. (2003). Utterance Classification in AutoTutor. In J. Burstein & C. Leacock (Eds.), Building Educational Applications using Natural Language Processing: Proceedings of the Human Language Technology - North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics Conference 2003 Workshop, May 31, ( pp. 1-8). Philadelphia: Association for Computational Linguistics. PDF Version

Penumatsa, P., Ventura, M., Olde, B.A., Franceschetti, D.R., Graesser,A.C., & TRG (2003). The right threshold value: What is the right threshold of cosine measure when using latent semantic analysis for evaluating student answers? In the Proceedings of the 2003 Florida Artificial Intelligence Research Conference. Menlo Park, CA: AAAI Press.

Person, N., & Graesser, A.C. (2003). Fourteen facts about human tutoring: Food for thought for ITS developers. In V. Aleven, U. Hoppe, J. Kay, R. Mizoguchi, H. Pain, F. Verdejo, and K. Yacef (Eds.), AIED2003 Supplemental Proceedings (pp. 335-344). Sydney, Australia: University of Sydney School of Information Technologies. DOC Version

Susarla, S., Adcock, A., Van Eck, R., Moreno, K., & Graesser, A.C. (2003). Development and evaluation of a lesson authoring tool for AutoTutor. In V. Aleven, U. Hoppe, J. Kay, R. Mizoguchi, H. Pain, F. Verdejo, and K. Yacef (Eds.), AIED2003 Supplemental Proceedings (pp. 378-387). Sydney, Australia: University of Sydney School of Information Technologies. PDF Version

Lu, S., & Graesser, A. C. (in press). What is universal in perceiving, remembering, and describing event temporal relations? In K. D. Forbus, D. Gentner, & T. Regier (Eds.), Proceedings of the 26rd Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. xxx-xxx). Mahwah , NJ : Erlbaum

Ventura, M., D.Mello, S., & Graesser, A. (in press). A Computational Approach to Mental Models. Proceedings of the 27th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society.

Nonreferred publications

Graesser, A.C., & Hu, X. (2003). Question generation and answering in distance learning environments. Army Research Institute Technical Report. Alexandria , VA : US Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences.

Ryder, J.M., Graesser, A.C., Le Mentec, J.-C., Louwerse, M.M., Karnavat, A., Popp, E.A., & Hu, X. (2003).  A Dialog-based Intelligent Tutoring System for Practicing Battle Command Reasoning.  (CHI Systems Technical Report 01020.030929).  Fort Washington , PA :  CHI Systems, Inc.

Graesser, A.C., Louwerse, M.M., Burger, J., Carroll, J. et al. (2003). Question generation and answering systems: R&D for technology-enabled learning systems. Research roadmap for Federation of American Sciences. PDF Version

Ryder, J.M., Graesser, A.C., Le Mentec, J.-C., Louwerse, M.M., Karnavat, A., Popp, E.A., & Hu, X. (in press).  A Dialog-based Intelligent Tutoring System for Practicing Battle Command Reasoning.  Army Research Institute Technical Report xxxx). Alexandria, VA : US Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences.

Invited Presentations(Conferences)

Graesser, A.C. (September, 2003). AutoTutor and other conversational agents that scaffold learning. Keynote address at the 2003 European Cognitive Science Society. Osnabruck , Germany .

Graesser, A.C. (November, 2003). Evolution of computer learning environments: From computer-assisted instruction to intelligent tutoring systems with natural language dialog. Keynote address at the 33nd Annual Meeting of the Society for Computers in Psychology. Vancouver , Canada .

Graesser, A.C., & Franklin , S. (November, 2003). Avatars, agents, robots, and learning technologies. Invited presentation in the grande opening of the FedEx Institute of Technology. Memphis , TN.

Other (Universities/Industry)

Graesser, A.C. (2003, March). AutoTutor: Learning by collaborative question answering and mixed-initiative dialog. Colloquium at the University of Colorado .

Graesser, A.C. (2003, March). AutoTutor: Learning by collaborative question answering and mixed-initiative dialog. Colloquium at the University of Texas at Dallas .

Louwerse, M., & Graesser, A.C. (2003, April). Language use in intelligent tutoring systems: Mixed-initiative dialog in AutoTutor. NASA Meeting, Old Dominion University , Norfolk , Virginia .

Conferences (refereed)

Baylor, A.L., Cole, R., Graesser, A., & Johnson, W.L. (July, 2005).  Pedagogical agent research and development: Next steps and future possibilities.  Symposium at the Artificial Intelligence in Education 2005 Conference.  Amsterdam, Netherlands.     

Cai, Z., Graesser, A.C., Louwerse, M.M., Yan, Y., & McNamara, D. S. (2005, August).  CohMetrix : measures of text cohesion.  Paper presented at the 38th Annual Meeting of the Society for Mathematical Psychology, Memphis, TN.   

D'Mello, S.K., Craig, S.D., McDaniel, B., Witherspoon, A., Sullins, J., Gholson, B., Graesser, A.C. (2005, October).  The relationship between affective states and dialog patterns during interactions with AutoTutor.  Paper presented at the World Conference on E-learning in Corporate, Government, Health Care, and Higher Education.  Vancouver, CA.

Chipman, P., Olney, A., & Graesser, A. C. (2005, May). The AutoTutor 3 architecture: A software architecture for an expandable, high-availability ITS. Paper presented at the First International Conference on Web Information Systems and Technologies. Miami, Florida.  

Dufty, D., Hempelmann, C., Graesser, A.C., & Cai, Z. (2005, July).  An algorithm for detecting causal and intentional information in text.  Poster presented at the 15th Annual Meeting of the Society for Text and Discourse.   Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Graesser, A.C., Olney, A., Ventura, M., & Jackson, G.T. (2005, May).  AutoTutor's coverage of expectations during tutorial dialogue.  Paper presented at the Florida Artificial Intelligence Research Society, Clearwate, FL.  

Hempelmann, C.F., Dufty, D., McCarthy, P., Graesser, A.C., Cai, Z., & McNamara, D.S. (2005, July).  Using LSA to automatically identify givenness and newness of noun-phrases in written discourse.  Poster presented in the 27th Annual Meetings of the Cognitive Science Society, Stresa, Italy.

Hu, X., Cai, Z., & Graesser, A.C. (2005, August).  Compare semantic spaces.  Paper presented at the 38th Annual Meeting of the Society for Mathematical Psychology, Memphis, TN.   

Jeon, M., O'Reilly, T., McDaniel, B., Wiley, J., Goldman, S., & Graesser, A.C. (2005, October).  Scaffolding critical thinking on a web tutor. Paper presented at the World Conference on E-learning in Corporate, Government, Health Care, and Higher Education, Vancouver, CA.

Kim, H.J., Graesser, A.C., Jackson, G.T., Olney, A., & Chipman, P. (2005, July).  Computer simulation as an instructional technology in AutoTutor.  Symposium at the Artificial Intelligence in Education 2005 Conference.  Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Kim, H.J., Graesser, A., Jackson, G.T., Olney, A., & Chipman, P. (2005, October). The effectiveness of computer simulations in a computer-based learning environment.  Paper presented at the World Conference on E-learning in Corporate, Government, Health Care, and Higher Education.  Vancouver, CA.

McNamara, D.S., Graesser, A.C., Louwerse, M.M., & Ozuru, Y. (2005, July).  Using Coh-Metrix to measure cohesion.  Poster presented at the 15th Annual Meeting of the Society for Text and Discourse.   Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Rus, V., Hu, X., Cai, Z., Graesser, A.C., Louwerse, M.M., & Olney, A. (2005, August).  Augmenting AutoTutor with deeper language processing.  Paper presented at the 38th Annual Meeting of the Society for Mathematical Psychology, Memphis, TN.   

VanLehn, K., Graesser, A.C., Jackson, G.T., Jordan, P., Olney, A., & Rose, C.P. (2005, July).  When is reading just as effective as one-on-one interactive tutoring? Poster presented in the 27th Annual Meetings of the Cognitive Science Society, Stresa, Italy.

Ventura, M., D'Mello, S., Louwerse, M.M., & Graesser, A.C. (2005, July).  Modeling spatial inferences.   Poster presented at the 15th Annual Meeting of the Society for Text and Discourse.   Amsterdam, Netherlands.

D'Mello, S. K., Craig, S. D., Gholson, B., Franklin, S., Picard, R.,& Graesser, A. C. (2005). Integrating affect sensors in an intelligent tutoring system. Paper presented at the conference workshop on Intelligent User Interfaces. San Diego , CA .

Cai, Z., McNamara, D. S., Louwerse, M., Hu, X., Rowe, M. & Graesser, A. C. (August, 2004). NLS: a non-latent similarity algorithm. Paper presented at the 26rd Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society. Washington, DC.  

Graesser, A.C., Klesges, R., DeBon, M.,. & Johnson, K. (November, 2004).  Older adults stop smoking more often when interventions incorporate principles of cognitive and discourse psychology.  Paper presented at the 45th Meetings of the Psychonomic Society.  Minneapolis, MN.  

Graesser, A.C., & Petschonek, S. (June, 2004).  Automated systems that analyze text and discourse: QUAID, Coh-Metrix, and AutoTutor.  Invited symposium presentation at the International Society of Quality of Life.  Boston, MA.    

Hu, X., Cai, Z., Olney, A., Shen, J., & Graesser, A.C. (November, 2004).  Measuring similarity between semantic spaces.  Paper presented at the 34th Annual Meeting of the Society for Computers in Psychology.  Minneapolis, MN.  

Jackson, G.T., Person, N.K., and Graesser, A.C. (September, 2004) Adaptive tutorial dialogue in AutoTutor. Paper presented at the 7th International conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems. Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Brazil.

Jackson, G.T., Ventura, M.J., Chewle, P., Graesser, A.C., and the Tutoring Research Group (September, 2004). The impact of Why/AutoTutor on learning and retention of conceptual physics. Paper presented at the 7th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems 2004.  Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Brazil.

Louwerse, M.M., McCarthy, P.M., McNamara, D.S., Graesser, A.C. (August, 2004). Variation in language and cohesion across written and spoken registers. Paper presented at the 26th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society.  Washington, DC.  

Lu, S., & Graesser, A. C. (August, 2004). What is universal in perceiving, remembering, and describing Paper presented at the 26th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society.  Washington, DC.  

Lu, S., Wallace, J., Graesser, A.C., & Gholson, B. (November, 2004).  An eye tracking study of describing event temporal relations.  Poster presented at the 45th Meetings of the Psychonomic Society.  Minneapolis, MN.  

Hu, X., Cai, Z., Olney, A., Shen, J., & Graesser, A.C. (November, 2004).  Measuring similarity between semantic spaces.  Paper presented at the 34th Annual Meeting of the Scociety for Computers in Psychology.  Minneapolis, MN.  

Mitchell, H., Petschonek, S.L., Wallace, J., Louwerse, M.M., & Graesser, A.C. (November, 2004).  Impact of orienting questions on researching Navy websites.  Paper presented at the 34th Annual Meeting of the Scociety for Computers in Psychology.  Minneapolis, MN.  

Person, N.K., Hancock, J.T., Burke, A.C., & Graesser, A.C. (September, 2004).  A linguistic model that infers user states and traits.  Paper presented at the ITS 2004 Workshop Proceedings on Social and Emotional Intelligence in Learning Environments.  Maceio, Brazil.  

Ventura, M.J., Hu, X., Graesser, A. C., Louwerse, M.M., & Olney, A. (August, 2004). The context dependent sentence abstraction model.  Paper presented at the 26th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society.  Washington, DC.

Ventura, M.J.,  Franchescetti, D.R.,  Pennumatsa, P.,  Graesser, A.C., Jackson, G.T., Hu, X., Cai, Z., and the Tutoring Research Group (September, 2004). Combining computational models of short essay grading for conceptual physics problems.  Paper presented at the 7th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems 2004.  Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Brazil.

Mathews, E., Person, N.K., Jackson , G.T., Graesser, A.C., & TRG (March, 2003). Discourse patterns in Why/AutoTutor. Paper presented at the meetings of the AAAI Spring Symposium Series on Natural Language Generation in Spoken and Written Dialog. Stanford University , CA .

Graesser, A.C., Ventura , M., Jackson , G.T., Mueller, J., Hu, X., & Person, N. (April, 2003). The impact of conversational navigational guides on the learning, use, and perceptions of users of a web site. Paper presented at the AAI Spring Symposium 2003 on Agent-mediated Knowledge Management. Palo Alto , CA .

Graesser, A.C., & Lu, S. (April, 2003). Eye tracking while learning from an intelligent tutoring systems with an animated conversational agent. Poster presented at the meetings of the American Educational Research Association. Chicago , IL .

Graesser, A.C. (April, 2003). Reach for the stars: Basic research in reading and literacy. Invited symposium at the meetings of the American Educational Research Association. Chicago , IL .

Penumatsa, P., Ventura , M., Olde, B.A., Franceschetti, D.R., Graesser,A.C., & TRG (April, 2003). The right threshold value: What is the right threshold of cosine measure when using latent semantic analysis for evaluating student answers? Paper presented at the Florida Artificial Intelligence Research Conference. St. Augustine , FL.

Olney , A., Louwerse, M., Mathews, E., Marineau, J., Hite-Mitchell, H., & Graesser, A. (May, 2003). Utterance Classification in AutoTutor. Paper presented at the conference on Building Educational Applications using Natural Language Processing: Proceedings of the Human Language Technology - North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics Conference 2003 Workshop ( pp. 1-8).  Philadelphia , PA.

Mitchell, H., & Graesser, A.C. (July, 2003). Investigating conceptually driven processing in humor: The effects of context on jokes. Paper presented at the 15 th International Society for Humor Studies. Northern Illinois University .

Jackson, G.T., Mathews, E.C., Lin, K., Olney, A., Graesser, A.C. (June, 2003). Modeling student performance to enhance the pedagogy of AutoTutor.  Paper presented at the 2003 Conference on User Modeling. Johnstown , PA.

Graesser, A.C., Jackson , G.T., Mathews, E.C., Mitchell, H.H., Olney, A., Ventura , M., Chipman, P., Franceschetti, D., Hu, X., Louwerse, M.M., Person, N.K., & TRG (July, 2003). Why/AutoTutor: A test of learning gains from a physics tutor with natural language dialog. Paper presented at the 25 rd Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Boston , MA .

Graesser, A.C., Moreno , K., Marineau, J., Adcock, A., Olney, A., & Person, N. (July, 2003). AutoTutor improves deep learning of computer literacy: Is it the dialog or the talking head? Paper presented at the Artificial Intelligence in Education conference. Sydney , Australia . (finalist for outstanding paper award).

Mathews, E.C., Jackson , G.T., Olney, A., Chipman, P., & Graesser, A.C. (July, 2003). Achieving domain independence in AutoTutor. Paper presented at the Seventh World Multiconference on Systemics, Cybernetics, and Informatics. Orlando , FL.

Mathews, E.C., Jackson , G.T., Olney, A., Chipman, P., & Graesser, A.C. (July, 2003). Achieving domain independence in AutoTutor. Paper presented at the Seventh World Multiconference on Systemics, Cybernetics, and Informatics Proceedings: Computer Science and Engineering. Orlando , FL.

Person, N., & Graesser, A.C. (July, 2003). Fourteen facts about human tutoring: Food for thought for ITS developers. Paper presented at the AIED2003 Workshop on Tutorial Dialog in the Classroom. Sydney , Australia .

Susarla, S., Adcock, A., Van Eck, R., Moreno , K., & Graesser, A.C. (July, 2003). Development and evaluation of a lesson authoring tool for AutoTutor. Paper presented at the AIED2003 Workshop on Tutorial Dialog in the Classroom. Sydney , Australia .

Hu, X., Cai, Z., Franceschetti, D., Penumatsa,P., Graesser, A.C.,Louwerse, M.M., McNamara, D.S., & TRG (August, 2003). LSA: The first dimension and dimensional weighting. Presentation at the the 25 rd Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Boston, MA .

Hu, X., Cai, Z. Louwerse, M., Olney, A., Penumatsa, P., Graesser, A.C., & TRG (2003). Paper presented at the 2003 International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. Mexico .

Craig , S.D. , & Graesser, A. (December, 2003). Why am I confused: An exploratory look into the role of affect in learning. Paper presented at the Second International Conference on Multimedia and Information & Communication Technologies in Education. Badajoz , Spain .

Graesser, A. C., Lu, S. (November, 2003). Texts, pictures, labels, versus arrows in the comprehension of illustrated texts. Paper presented at5 the 44 th Annual Meeting of the Psychonomic Society. Vancouver , Canada .

Graesser, A.C., McNamara, D.S., Louwerse, M.M., & Cai, Z. (November, 2003). Coh-Metrix: Analysis of text on cohesion and language. Symposium presentation at the 33nd Annual Meeting of the Society for Computers in Psychology. Vancouver , Canada .

Hu, X., & Graesser, A.C. (November, 2003). Human Use Regulatory Affairs Advisor (HURAA): Learning about research ethics with intelligent learning modules. Symposium presentation at the 33nd Annual Meeting of the Society for Computers in Psychology. Vancouver , Canada . DOC Version

Lu, S., & Graesser, A.C. (November, 2003). AutoTutor: Tutorialdialog in natural language with an animated conversational agent. Symposium presentation at the 33nd Annual Meeting of the Society for Computers in Psychology. Vancouver , Canada .

Lu, S., Graesser, A. C., & Wolff, P. (November, 2003). Perceptions and conceptions of time. Paper presented at5 the 44 th Annual Meeting of the Psychonomic Society. Vancouver , Canada .